Architectural Drawings: Mexico’s Open-Air Architecture in Plan
——Explore the dynamism of Mexican design through open-air structures.

由專筑網王雪純，小R編譯

墨西哥建筑就像這個國家本身，復雜多樣又靈感泉涌。從廣袤沙漠到茂密雨林，再到高聳山脈，當地的景觀塑造了多樣化的建筑設計方式。在不同氣候條件下的各類露天建筑，重新構想了如何將人們與周圍環境相連。從小型亭子到大型建筑群，這些建筑從它們所在之處汲取靈感。

通過對墨西哥全國范圍內建筑的深入探索，幾個開放式建筑項目每個均與平面圖相對應，以顯示建筑物如何組織，如何鼓勵空間之間的流動。雖然這些項目在功能和空間上都各不相同，但每一個都探索了視野和墨西哥文化，以及對當地氣候的呼應，為了適應一天中不斷變化的條件和變化的光線，這些項目和圖紙體現了墨西哥建筑在當下的意義。

Mexican architecture is as varied and inspiring as the country itself. From expansive deserts to lush rain forests and towering mountains, local landscapes have shaped architects’ varied approaches to building across Mexico’s temperate to tropical zones. In these climates, a range of open-air architecture is being built that reimagines how to connect people with their surroundings. From small pavilions to large complexes, these structures take inspiration from the places they are built for.
Taking a deeper dive into Mexican architecture through drawings, the following open-air projects are found nationwide. Images of each completed project are juxtaposed with plan drawings to show how the buildings are organized to encourage movement between spaces. While the projects are programmatically and spatially diverse, they each explore views and Mexican culture and how to design for local climates. Made for the changing conditions and shifting light throughout the day, these projects and drawings embody what it means to build in Mexico today.


Telcel劇院

設計師：Ensamble工作室
地點：墨西哥，墨西哥城

Telcel Theater
By Ensamble Studio, Mexico City, Mexico







由Ensamble工作室設計的Telcel劇院位于地下，同時一座大型金屬結構矗立地面之上。這創造了一個引人注目的開放式空間，高出地面并深入地下。地面上的結構看起來像一塊石頭，被雕塑出的梯田所支撐。地下鑿出的空間開放給公眾，并向天空敞開，周圍是蘊含象征意義的金屬結構。

設計團隊指出，該項目直面其建造的元素本質：消極空間所代表的垂直屬性；Dovela金屬結構承載和包容空氣的水平張力。平面圖展示了這個棚頂的輪廓，籠罩在地下開放大廳之上。進入地下后，就是劇院空間序列的盡頭。

Ensamble’s design for the Telcel Theater was buried underground with a large metallic structure lifted from ground level. This creates a dramatic open-air volume that rises above and below the ground. The structure above appears as a stone of air, supported by the space that comes from a sequence of excavated terraces. Below, the excavated spaces are given to the public and open to the sky, protected by the symbolic metal structure.
As the design team notes, the project confronts the elemental natures with which it is built: the deep density of the negative space, of vertical character; and the horizontal tension of the air contained and supported by the Dovela metal structure. The plan drawing shows the outline of this canopy as it rises above the open excavated lobbies below. Once inside the earth, the Theater appears as the end of a sequence of spaces.


San Bernabé 社區中心

設計師：Picharchitects/Pich-Aguilera
地點：墨西哥，蒙特雷

Community Center San Bernabé
By Picharchitects/Pich-Aguilera, Monterrey, Mexico







項目為San Bernabé社區中心設計了一座建筑-街道，旨在傳遞與固有的公民價值觀一致的社區架構。這個建筑-街道表達個人和社區關系的框架，隨著居民們的探索和自由生活，它將愈發變得堅固。

從露天平面圖中可以看出，這條內部建造的街道就像建筑的脊柱，社區中心的各類功能安置其中，整體回應了城市愿景。該項目還包括可再生能源生產的分配，“太陽光束”系統組成遮陽結構，融入建筑之中。

Designed for the community center of San Bernabé, this project offers a building-street which aimed to transmit civic values inherent to the urban structure of the neighborhood. This building-street was conceived as a framework for the relationship and the expression of individuals and the community, so that it will be getting stronger as the citizens start to discover it and living freely in it.
As seen in the open-air plan drawing, this street built within acts like the backbone of the built bodies that house the functional program of the community center and responds to an urban vision as a whole. The project also includes an allocation for renewable energy production, integrated into the architecture from the system of “solar beams” that make up the shade structure.


Mar Adentro度假酒店

設計師：Taller Aragonés
地點：墨西哥，圣何塞德爾卡波

Mar Adentro
By Taller Aragonés / Miguel Ángel Aragonés, San José del Cabo, Mexico







“Mar Adentro”靈感來源于“灼熱陽光下水的巨大動力”。這塊土地位于“包羅萬象”的海岸線中間，設計團隊想要挑戰做一個與場所中其他建筑相似的盒子結構。中心思想是將地平線帶入前景�！癕ar Adentro”就像是面向大海的伊斯蘭教圣地麥地那。

設計團隊在描述項目時指出，“水是圍繞整個項目的主題；所有的體量都朝向海洋，背對城市�！泵總�漂浮的體量中都包含獨立的室內空間。所有房間都是在工廠提前預制建造的。最寶貴的是這個結構的多功能性，它可以完全在工廠預制，然后直接在現場建造。

Mar Adentro was inspired by the “enormous drive of water under a scorching sun.” This piece of land, located in the middle of a coastline dotted with “All Inclusives,” and the team wanted to challenge what would have been a box similar to other structures in place. The central idea was to take the horizon and bring it into the foreground. Mar Adentro is a kind of Medina that opens out onto the sea.
Describing the project, the team notes that, “the water is an event that borders the entire project; all of the volumes open up toward the sea and turn their backs on the city.” Each floating volume contains interiors that form, in turn, independent spaces. All rooms were prefabricated for construction ahead of time in a factory. The important thing is the versatility of this structure, one that can be entirely factory-made then raised on site in a straightforward manner.


生態教堂

設計師：Bunker Arquitectura
地點：墨西哥，庫埃納瓦卡

Ecumenical Chapel
By Bunker Arquitectura, Cuernavaca, Mexico







這座私人教堂建于墨西哥庫埃納瓦卡一棟周末度假別墅背后的一塊新購土地上�？蛻粝胍�一座生態教堂，一個非宗教，但又可以用于冥想的純粹空間。教堂被埋在地下，一個圍繞它的螺旋坡道將游客引入其中。坡道的一側是帶植物的墻壁，成為教堂中的垂直花園。

在外部，水池構成了教堂的屋頂。水池中心有一個天窗，金屬板上的玻璃開口讓陽光透過水面，在地下投射光與影的圖案。地下空間由分散的玻璃墻圍繞，實現空氣的內部流通。在平面圖中可以看到天窗和連接到景觀的簡單支撐結構。

This private chapel was made for a plot of land recently bought on the backside of a weekend house in Cuernavaca, Mexico. The clients wanted an Ecumenical chapel, a non-religious and universal space, to meditate. The chapel is buried underground and a spiraling ramp that surrounds it brings visitors inside. This ramp is flanked with a vegetated wall that functions as a vertical garden.
Outside, a water pond forms the rooftop of the chapel. At its center there is an oculus, a glass covered opening in the metallic plate, that lets sunlight filter through the water, generating light and shadow patterns on the inside. The space is contained by a lattice wall formed by separated glass beams that lets the air flow through its inside. The oculus and simple support structure that connects to the landscape is seen in plan.


Centinela教堂

設計師： ALA工作室
地點：墨西哥，阿蘭達斯

Centinela Chapel
By Estudio ALA, Arandas, Mexico







該教堂改造于哈利斯科州東北部的龍舌蘭酒廠。這里以墨西哥最虔誠的宗教地區之一而聞名。這個精神和社交空間重新詮釋了場地舊有莊園和房屋中存在的混合使用空間，人們過去常常在自己的住宅、露臺和開放的有屋頂構筑物旁設教堂或祈禱室，在那里舉行社交和家庭活動。

設計團隊指出，教堂坐落在一個懸臂平臺上，可以俯瞰湖泊、花園、工廠和龍舌蘭田地。平面圖顯示，建筑物的朝向是封閉的墻面朝向南方和西方，從而保證庭院的私密性。一條陶土瓦鋪成的小徑引導游客從工廠走向教堂，讓人們欣賞繞湖和花園漫步時的風景，最終引導他們進入建筑群。

This chapel project was reimagined inside a tequila factory, located in the northeast of the state of Jalisco. The region is known to be one of the most religious areas in the country. This spiritual and social space is a reinterpretation of the mixed use spaces that exist in older haciendas and houses of the region, where people used to have a chapel or oratory in their own houses, adjacent to the terraces and open covered spaces, where social and family events were commonly held.
The team notes that the chapel sits on a cantilevered platform, overviewing the lake, the gardens, the factory and the agave fields. The plan drawing shows how the building is oriented in a way that its closed walls face the southern and western sun, keeping privacy from the patio. A terracotta tile pathway leads visitors from the factory towards the chapel, allowing them to admire the scenery, and enjoy the walk around the lake and gardens, leading them finally into the complex.


Jojutla中央花園

設計師： MMX工作室
地點：墨西哥，莫雷洛斯州，Jojutla

Jojutla Central Gardens
By Estudio MMX, Jojutla de Juárez, Morelos, Mexico







該項目旨在墨西哥的毀滅性地震后，重建一個作為媒介的公共空間。設計的核心是與Jojutla的居民緊密互動。設計的核心理念來自樹木。這些獨特的元素在地震中沒有受損，因此，Jojutla市民中心變成了“Jojutla中央花園”，通過植被象征療愈的恢復力。

從平面圖中可以看到，拱廊矗立在花園旁。建筑重新詮釋了該地區的傳統建筑。它們為市民進行休閑活動提供了框架。建筑材料是手工赭磚，鋪路材料為玄武巖灰石，項目中選用了大量當地植物種類。最終，呈現為一個具有新身份的市民廣場。

After devastating earthquakes in Mexico, this project was designed to rebuild an identity that uses public spaces as its media. At the heart of the design was a close interaction with the inhabitants of Jojutla. The core idea came from the trees. These unique elements survived the earthquakes without damage, therefore, the Civic Centre of Jojutla became the “Central Gardens of Jojutla” evoking the concept of resiliency by means of the vegetation.
As seen in plan, there are arcades that coexist next to the gardens. These structures reinterpret the region’s traditional architecture. They serve as frames for the civic and leisure events required by the city. The selected materials were artisanal ochre brick, basaltic grey stone for pavements, and an extensive array of local flora species. The result was the generation of a civic square with a new identity.